Colds

The α-sympathomimetic pseudoephedrine is used orally to treat rhinitis. It is found in many cold remedies together with an antipyretic or antihistamine. Oral pseudoephedrine is as effective as xylometazoline or oxymetazoline in nasal sprays. Treatment for acute rhinitis lasts three to five days. Disadvantages include possible systemic side effects such as an increase in blood pressure or a slight rise in blood sugar levels. This will take effect particularly if the doses are too high. The preparations are contraindicated in older adults with previous illnesses, in children under twelve years of age, pregnant women and nursing mothers.

Towards the end of the illness, the nasal secretion becomes increasingly thicker. Bark of dried secretion is formed at the nostrils. At this stage α-sympathomimetics are no longer useful. Sprays or nasal rinses with isotonic saline solution or seawater can now be used to moisten the nasal mucosa. Added hyaluronic acid prolongs the moisturising effect, dexpanthenol promotes wound healing.

Many patients find it very beneficial to inhale for colds and flu. The pleasant effect of hot steam can be further enhanced by adding essential oils or table salt. The aim is to moisturise the respiratory tract and dissolve mucus. To achieve a good effect, it is best to inhale several times a day for 15 to 20 minutes.